A researcher-technician guides a tube through a device hosting a network of very thin tubes, encapsulating the RNA messenger in lipids, preparing the mRNA for use at the Inserm ART-RNAm laboratory of the CHR (Regional Hospital Centre), in Orleans, central France, on November 18, 2025. Researchers at Inserm are working to develop new treatments for numerous diseases using messenger RNA, which became widely known to the public through the vaccines developed against COVID-19, particularly to combat pancreatic cancer, one of the most aggressive forms. (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER / AFP) (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER/AFP via Getty Images)

ART-ARNm Inserm project manager Dimitri Szymczak enters the Inserm ART-RNAm laboratory of the CHR (Regional Hospital Centre), in Orleans, central France, on November 18, 2025. Researchers at Inserm are working to develop new treatments for numerous diseases using messenger RNA, which became widely known to the public through the vaccines developed against COVID-19, particularly to combat pancreatic cancer, one of the most aggressive forms. (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER / AFP) (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER/AFP via Getty Images)

This photograph shows a sign reading "INSERM" indicating the entrance to the Inserm ART-RNAm laboratory of the CHR (Regional Hospital Centre) and displaying its logo, in Orleans, central France, on November 18, 2025. Researchers at Inserm are working to develop new treatments for numerous diseases using messenger RNA, which became widely known to the public through the vaccines developed against COVID-19, particularly to combat pancreatic cancer, one of the most aggressive forms. (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER / AFP) (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER/AFP via Getty Images)

This photograph shows a sign reading "INSERM" indicating the entrance to the Inserm ART-RNAm laboratory of the CHR (Regional Hospital Centre), in Orleans, central France, on November 18, 2025. Researchers at Inserm are working to develop new treatments for numerous diseases using messenger RNA, which became widely known to the public through the vaccines developed against COVID-19, particularly to combat pancreatic cancer, one of the most aggressive forms. (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER / AFP) (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER/AFP via Getty Images)

A PhD student working on an RNA-delivery-to-the-brain project, examines cultured cells at the Inserm ART-RNAm laboratory of the CHR (Regional Hospital Centre), in Orleans, central France, on November 18, 2025. Researchers at Inserm are working to develop new treatments for numerous diseases using messenger RNA, which became widely known to the public through the vaccines developed against COVID-19, particularly to combat pancreatic cancer, one of the most aggressive forms. (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER / AFP) (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER/AFP via Getty Images)

A researcher works on an mRNA transcription reaction, using a pipette marked "RNA" at the Inserm ART-RNAm laboratory of the CHR (Regional Hospital Centre), in Orleans, central France, on November 18, 2025. Researchers at Inserm are working to develop new treatments for numerous diseases using messenger RNA, which became widely known to the public through the vaccines developed against COVID-19, particularly to combat pancreatic cancer, one of the most aggressive forms. (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER / AFP) (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER/AFP via Getty Images)

Research engineer Pauline Robinet inspects a tube of mRNA produced in vitro at the Inserm ART-RNAm laboratory of the CHR (Regional Hospital Centre), in Orleans, central France, on November 18, 2025. Researchers at Inserm are working to develop new treatments for numerous diseases using messenger RNA, which became widely known to the public through the vaccines developed against COVID-19, particularly to combat pancreatic cancer, one of the most aggressive forms. (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER / AFP) (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER/AFP via Getty Images)

Director of the ART ARNm Inserm and professor of molecular and cellular biology Chantal Pichon poses next to a bioreactor at the Inserm ART-RNAm laboratory of the CHR (Regional Hospital Centre), in Orleans, central France, on November 18, 2025. Researchers at Inserm are working to develop new treatments for numerous diseases using messenger RNA, which became widely known to the public through the vaccines developed against COVID-19, particularly to combat pancreatic cancer, one of the most aggressive forms. (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER / AFP) (Photo by JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER/AFP via Getty Images)